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针对碱性电沉积法提取阴极锑过程中，由于Sb-Fe界面结合力不足导致的阴极沉积金属锑易开裂并造成翘板和脱落等问题，提出了采用表面喷砂预处理技术，并结合循环伏安曲线、稳态极化曲线和时间电流暂态曲线系统，分析了阴极表面喷砂预处理对锑离子阴极还原及成核机理的影响机制。结果表明：针对锑的碱性电沉积体系，铁基阴极表面进行喷砂预处理后，阴极还原反应的起始电位向左正移，同一过电位下，电流密度比未经喷砂处理时明显增大，传递系数和交换电流密度增大，说明阴极表面喷砂处理可降低锑离子阴极还原反应能垒，显著提升还原反应速度，并促进锑在阴极表面的三维成核过程，从而获得结晶致密、形貌优良的阴极锑沉积层。进一步深入研究了喷砂粒度对锑电沉积过程的影响规律，并确定最佳的喷砂粒度为80目；在此条件下，阴极电流效率提高至80.1%,槽电压为2.031 V,吨锑直流电耗降低至1 674.76 kW·h/t,阴极锑纯度达98.81%。
Abstract：In the process of extracting antimony by alkaline electro-deposition, problems such as cracking of the cathode deposited antimony, causing warping and shedding, occur due to insufficient interfacial bonding force between Sb and Fe, surface sandblasting pretreatment technology was proposed.The effects of the sandblasting pretreatment on the cathodic reduction and nucleation mechanism of antimony ions were systematically analyzed by combining cyclic voltammetry, steady-state polarization curves, and time-current transient curves.The results show that for the alkaline electro-deposition system of antimony, after sandblasting pretreatment of the iron-based cathode surface, the initial potential of the cathodic reduction reaction shifts to the left and positive.At the same overpotential, the current density is significantly increased compared to that without sandblasting treatment, and transfer coefficient and exchange current density are also enhanced.This indicates that the sandblasting treatment of the cathode surface can reduce the energy barrier of the cathodic reduction reaction of antimony ions, significantly increase the reduction reaction rate, and promote the three-dimensional nucleation process of antimony on the cathode surface, thereby obtaining a dense.well-shaped cathode antimony deposit layer.Further in-depth research was conducted on the influence of sandblasting particle size on the antimony electro-deposition process, and the optimal sandblasting particle size was determined to be 80 mesh.Under the condition, the cathode current efficiency is increased to 80.1%,the cell voltage is 2.031 V,the direct current power consumption per ton of antimony is reduced to 1674.76 kW·h/t, and the purity of cathode antimony reaches 98.81%.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.05.009
中图分类号:TF818
引用信息:
[1]高清利,崔焱,林艳.阴极表面喷砂预处理对锑电沉积的影响[J].湿法冶金,2025,44(05):645-652.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.05.009.
基金信息:
云南省建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项(202303AP140019)