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针对氟碳铈矿冶炼过程中伴生钍资源的回收利用及放射性污染控制问题，系统研究了钍元素在冶炼分离各环节的迁移规律与分布特征。提出了通过碱分解预处理氟碳铈矿后，将浸出酸度调至3～5mol/L，使钍浸出率提升至98%；采用N235萃取剂预先选择性脱除料液中的Fe3+，再利用P507萃取剂定向萃取钍。结果表明，稀释的P507-磺化煤油萃取体系对氧化钍的饱和负载量可达25g/L，经草酸反萃取、洗涤及1 000℃灼烧后，最终产品中氧化钍纯度达98.88%；对于含钍0.2%～0.3%的氟碳铈矿原料，钍总收率超过96%。该法高效、环保，在含钍固废的脱放处理方面具有一定推广应用潜力。
Abstract：In view of the recovery and utilization of associated thorium resources and the control of radioactive pollution in the process of bastnaesite smelting,the migration and distribution characteristics of thorium elements in each link of smelting separation were systematically studied.After the pretreatment of bastnaesite by alkali decomposition,the leaching acidity was adjusted to 3–5 mol/L,and the thorium leaching rate was increased to 98%.Fe3+in the feed solution was selectively removed by N235extractant in advance,and then thorium was directional extracted by P507extractant.The results showed that the saturated loading of thorium oxide in the diluted P507-sulfonated kerosene extraction system could reach 25g/L.After oxalic acid back extraction,washing and burning at1 000℃,the purity of thorium oxide in the final product reached 98.88%.The total yield of thorium is more than 96%for the raw material of bastnaesite containing 0.2%–0.3%thorium.The method is efficient and environmentally friendly,and has certain application potential in the release treatment of thorium-containing solid waste.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.04.009
中图分类号:TL245
引用信息:
[1]姚佳,王金镛,方旭升,等.氟碳铈矿伴生元素钍的富集与纯化工艺探索[J].湿法冶金,2026,45(04):530-536.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.04.009.
基金信息:
四川省财政科技计划专项资金项目（2025ZDZX0020）
2026-05-11
2026-05-11
2026-05-11