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新疆热液型铀铍矿是我国重要的铀多金属资源，但铀的赋存规律及其对选冶效率的制约机制尚不明确。研究采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、AMICS、EPMA等多尺度矿物表征技术，系统解析了铀的赋存状态及其在浮选-浸出过程中的迁移规律。结果表明：铀主要赋存于硅钙铀矿(76%)、沥青铀矿(16%)及硅铅铀矿(6%)中，铀矿物嵌布粒度细(10～70μm)且解离度低(<5%),需对样品进一步细磨以提高铀矿物解离度，使其能够与浮选药剂充分接触，从而确保选矿效果，另外硅钙铀矿因呈微细粒状，被长石、石英等脉石矿物包裹，在浸出过程中表面可能形成硅凝胶包裹，抑制铀浸出；将原矿细磨至-45μm后，铀矿物解离度得到显著改善，但由于浮选药剂选择性不足，导致其在铍精矿与尾矿中分布规律不明显；硫酸焙烧工艺可有效破坏硅酸盐骨架，使铀浸出率提升99%以上。研究结果可为铀铍共生资源的协同提取工艺优化提供关键理论支撑。
Abstract：Xinjiang hydrothermal uranium-beryllium deposit is a critical polymetallic resource in China, yet the occurrence characteristics of uranium and its migration behavior during beneficiation and metallurgy remain unclear.The occurrence state of uranium and its migration patterns during flotation-leaching processes were systematically investigated through multi-scale mineralogical characterization techniques(polarizing microscope, SEM,AMICS,EPMA).The results indicate that uranium primarily occurs in uranophane(76%),pitchblende(16%),and kasolite(6%).Uranium minerals exhibit fine dissemination sizes(10～70 μm) and low liberation degrees(<5%).The samples needs to be further finely ground to increase the dissociation degree of uranium minerals, so that they can fully contact the flotation reagents, thereyby ensuring the beneficiation effect.Among these factors, uranophane is a primary constraint on uranium leaching due to its fine-grained encapsulation and potential formation of surface silica gel coatings during leaching.While grinding the raw ore to-45 μm significantly improves mineral liberation, insufficient selectivity of flotation reagents results in non-significant distribution patterns between beryllium concentrate and tailings.Sulfuric acid roasting effectively decomposes silicate frameworks, achieving a uranium leaching rate exceeding 99%.The study can provide theoretical insights for optimizing the co-extraction of uranium and beryllium from complex polymetallic ores.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.05.003
中图分类号:TL212
引用信息:
[1]马嘉,李广,叶开凯等.新疆热液型铀铍矿中铀的赋存状态及选冶特性研究[J].湿法冶金,2025,44(05):597-603.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.05.003.
基金信息:
中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金项目(2023NRE-LH-20); 中核集团基础研究项目(CNNC-JCYJ-202331); 核技术研发科研项目资助