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针对湿法提锑过程中Cu、Pb、As、Bi等关键杂质难以深度脱除的技术瓶颈，开展了碱性体系隔膜电积制备低杂阴极锑的工艺研究。系统分析了Na_2S-NaOH碱性体系隔膜电积提锑过程中电流密度、电解温度、电解液循环速度和极间距等单因素条件对阴极锑纯度及典型杂质含量、阴极沉积层表面形貌、电解过程槽电压、电流效率和直流电耗的影响规律。研究结果表明：预电解可显著降低并有效控制电解液中与锑电极电位相近或更正电性的金属杂质，适宜的预电解前处理技术配合最优的碱性隔膜电积工艺，可实现阴极锑中Cu、Pb、As、Bi等难脱除杂质的有效控制；在最优工艺条件下，可获得致密光亮、形貌优良、纯度为98.61%的阴极锑，平均槽电压为2.3V，阴极电流效率为90.93%，直流电耗为1 667.2kWh/t，杂质As含量满足国标《高纯锑》(GB/T 10117—2021)中5N级高纯锑Sb-05的单点杂质含量要求，且Cu、Pb、Bi的脱除率分别达66.41%、99.62%、98.56%，可为后续高纯锑低成本制备提供稳定原料。
Abstract：To address the technical bottleneck of deep removal of key impurities such as Cu,Pb,As and Bi in the hydrometallurgical extraction of antimony,a process for producing low-impurity cathode antimony by diaphragm electrowinning in alkaline system was investigated.The effects of singlefactor conditions,including current density,electrolysis temperature,electrolyte circulation rate,and electrode spacing,on the purity of cathode antimony and typical impurity content,surface morphology of the cathode deposit,cell voltage,current efficiency,and DC power consumption during the diaphragm electrowinning process in Na_2S-NaOH alkaline system were systematically analyzed.The results show that pre-electrolysis can significantly reduce and effectively control metal impurities with electrode potentials close to or more positive than that of antimony in the electrolyte.The appropriate pre-electrolysis pretreatment technology combined with the optimal alkaline diaphragm electrowinning process can achieve effective control of difficult-to-remove impurities such as Cu,Pb,As,and Bi in cathode antimony.Under the optimal process conditions,a dense,bright cathode antimony with excellent morphology and a purity of 98.61%can be obtained,with an average cell voltage of 2.3V,a cathode current efficiency of 90.93%,and a DC power consumption of 1 667.2 kWh/t.The impurity As content meets the single impurity content requirement of 5N-grade high-purity antimony Sb-05 specified in the national standard " High Purity Antimony"(GB/T 10117—2021),and the removal rates of Cu,Pb,and Bi reach 66.41%,99.62%,and 98.56%,respectively,which can provide stable raw materials for the subsequent low-cost preparation of high-purity antimony.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.05.011
中图分类号:TF818
引用信息:
[1]刘浩东,王雨,王光平,等.碱性体系隔膜电积提取锑工艺的控杂研究[J].湿法冶金,2026,45(05):712-722.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.05.011.
基金信息:
广西科技重大专项（桂科AA24263069）; 建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项（202303AP140019）
2026-05-08
2026
2026-09-10
2026-09-11
2026
1
2026-07-13
2026-07-13
2026-07-13