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针对火法回收固废中锂存在的能耗高、效率低、回收困难且易造成二次污染等问题，研究了以HF/H2SO4混合酸为浸出剂，对废弃锂铝硅系(Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2,LAS)微晶玻璃样品中的锂进行强化浸出。考察了液固体积质量比、硫酸质量浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、搅拌速度、原料粒径等因素对锂浸出率的影响，以及液固体积质量比、浸出温度对铝、硅浸出率的影响，并探讨了锂浸出动力学。结果表明：在m(样品)∶V(HF)∶V(H2SO4)=1∶2.5∶2、粒径为-0.074 mm、硫酸质量浓度900 g/L、浸出温度60℃、浸出时间120 min、搅拌速度200 r/min最佳条件下，锂浸出率接近99%,与其他影响因素相比，HF与样品的液固体积质量比和浸出温度对锂浸出率影响较大；相较而言，HF与样品的液固体积质量比和浸出温度对铝浸出的影响比硅大；锂浸出符合未反应核收缩模型，反应表观活化能Ea=39.53 kJ/mol,锂浸出率受化学反应-内扩散混合控制。研究结果可为废弃LAS微晶玻璃中有价元素回收再利用提供理论指导。
Abstract：To address the issues of high energy consumption, low efficiency, difficult recovery and easy secondary pollution in the pyrometallurgical recovery of lithium from solid waste, the enhanced leaching of lithium from discarded lithium aluminum silicate(Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2,LAS) glass-ceramics samples using a mixed acid of HF/H2SO4 as the leaching agent was studied.The effects of liquid volume to solid mass ratio, sulfuric acid mass concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, stirring speed and raw material particle size on the leaching rate of lithium were investigated, as well as the effects of liquid volume to solid mass ratio and leaching temperature on the leaching rates of aluminum and silicon.The kinetics of lithium leaching was also explored.The results show that under the optimal conditions of m(sample)∶ V(HF)∶V(H2SO4)=1∶2.5∶2,particle size of-0.074 mm, sulfuric acid mass concentration of 900 g/L,leaching temperature of 60 ℃,leaching time of 120 min, and stirring speed of 200 r/min, the leaching rate of lithium can approach 99%.Compared with other influencing factors HF volume to sample mass ratio and leaching temperature have a greater impact on the leaching rate of lithium.In contrast, the HF volume to sample mass ratio and leaching temperature have a greater effect on the leaching of aluminum than that of silicon.The leaching of lithium conforms to the unreacted core shrinkage model, with an apparent activation energy Ea of 39.53 kJ/mol, and the leaching rate of lithium is controlled by the chemical reaction-internal diffusion mixed control.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the recovery and reuse of valuable elements from discarded LAS glass-ceramics.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.005
中图分类号:TF826.3;X705
引用信息:
[1]陈成,严群,唐学昆等.用HF/H_2SO_4混合酸从废弃微晶玻璃中提取锂[J].湿法冶金,2025,44(03):316-326.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.03.005.
基金信息:
江西理工大学博士创业基金项目(No.205200100645)