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针对高碳锰铁矿热炉所产生的含锰除尘中灰中钾元素含量过高，难以直接返回冶炼的问题，研究采用水浸法进行脱碱预处理，并结合响应面法优化浸出条件，通过浸出渣的化学、XRD物相、SEM-EDS微观结构及元素分布进行分析，探究水浸脱钾的作用机制。单因素试验与响应面分析结果表明：浸出温度对脱钾率影响较为显著，各因素影响顺序为浸出温度>液固体积质量比>浸出时间；在浸出温度63 ℃、液固体积质量比4∶1、浸出时间25 min的最优条件下，钾脱除率达85.09%；浸出过程具有良好的选择性，可有效脱除可溶性盐，而对Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Si、Al等主体矿物骨架元素影响较小；浸出渣中残余钾主要以钾长石(KAlSi3O8)等稳定物相存在，属于结构态钾，常规水浸难以进一步脱除。该法可有效降低除尘灰中钾元素含量，并保持Mn、Fe等有价组分相对富集，为高碳锰铁除尘灰后续冷固结制备炉料返炉利用提供理论依据和工艺参考。
Abstract：Aiming at the problem that the potassium content in the dust collected from high-carbon ferromanganese smelting furnaces is too high for direct return to the smelting process， a water leaching method was used for dealkalization pretreatment.The mechanism of potassium removal by water leaching was explored by analyzing the chemistry， XRD phase， SEM-EDS microstructure and element distribution of leaching residue. The results of single factor test and response surface analysis show that the leaching temperature has a significant effect on the potassium removal rate， and the order of influence of each factor is leaching temperature >liquid volume-to-solid mass ratio> leaching time. Under the optimal conditions of leaching temperature of 63 ℃， liquid volume-to-solid mass ratio of 4∶1 and leaching time of 25 min， the removal rate of potassium reaches 85.09%. The leaching process shows good selectivity and can effectively remove soluble salts， but has little effect on the main mineral skeleton elements such as Mn， Fe， Ca， Mg， Si and Al. The residual potassium in the leaching residue mainly exists in stable phases such as potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8)， which belongs to structural potassium and is difficult to be further removed by conventional water leaching. This method can effectively reduce the potassium content in the dust removal ash and maintain the relative enrichment of valuable components such as Mn and Fe， which provides a theoretical basis and process reference for the subsequent cold consolidation preparation of high carbon ferromanganese dust.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TF642;X757
引用信息:
[1]张浩然,陈铁军,万军营,等.高碳锰铁除尘灰中钾元素的水浸脱除行为研究[J].湿法冶金().
基金信息:
广西科技重大专项（桂科AA24263047）; 湖北省自然科学基金（2026AFB016）
2026-08-11
2026-08-11
2026-08-11