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针对某矿区含硫铀废石堆含铀酸性超标渗出水，研究了其超标组分的去除方法。首先在超标废水中添加1 g/L矿粉去除Cd、Cu及部分U,再将南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水pH分别由2.78、2.66调节至4.70、4.30,并在最佳接触反应时间为30 min条件下，对比了Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Na_2CO3和NaOH深度法除矿粉处理后渗出水中U、Mn、Zn的效果。结果表明：相较而言，Ca(OH)2对U、Mn、Zn去除效果最优；在南、北两侧废石堆场渗出水的Ca(OH)2加入量分别为0.32和0.96 g/L、渗出水pH为7～8条件下，U去除率达99.8%以上，Cu、Cd去除率均达90%以上，Zn去除率达95%以上，Mn去除率达75.5%以上，且沉降速度快，静置60 min悬混液体积可缩减70%左右；对Ca(OH)2加入过程中离子浓度变化的精确计算和沉淀物表征结果表明，净化过程中有类水滑石物质生成，Mn2+、Zn2+进入水滑石结构中被去除，铀酰离子可能通过与水滑石间静电吸附、表面配合或通过层间阴离子交换等方式实现去除。
Abstract：The removal method of superstandard components of uranium acid seepage water from sulphur-containing uranium waste rock in a mining area was studied.Firstly, 1 g/L mineral powder was added to the wastewater exceeding the standard to remove Cd, Cu and part U,and then the pH of seepage water from the waste rock landfill on the south and north sides was adjusted from 2.78 and 2.66 to 4.70 and 4.30,respectively, and the optimal contact reaction time was 30 min.The effects of Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Na_2CO3 and NaOH on the further treatment of U,Mn and Zn in the effluent treated by ore powder were compared.The results show that Ca(OH)2 has the best removal effects on U,Mn and Zn.Under the conditions of 0.32 and 0.96 g/L of Ca(OH)2 and pH of 7 ～ 8,the removal rate of U,Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn can reach over 99.8%,over 90%,over 90%,over 95% and over 75.5%,respectively.And the settling speed is fast, and the suspended liquid volume can be reduced by about 70% after standing for 60 min.The precise calculation of the change of ion concentration during the addition of Ca(OH)2.The results of sediment characterization show that hydrotaltale-like substances are formed during the purification process, Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions entered the hydrotalc structure and are removed, and uranyl ions may be removed by electrostatic adsorption with hydrotalc, surface complexation or interlayer anion exchange.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014
中图分类号:X591;X75
引用信息:
[1]王扬.从某矿区含铀酸性渗出水中去除超标组分研究[J].湿法冶金,2025,44(02):247-255.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2025.02.014.