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某高含泥低品位砂岩型铀矿以泥质细砂岩为主，矿区含水层与隔水层厚度变化大，砂体渗透性较差，地下水矿化度高，难以采用地浸开采。为全面评价该矿石的浸出性能，系统探究了酸/碱法搅拌浸出及柱浸的可行性。研究结果表明，采用酸法搅拌浸出工艺时，在硫酸用量16%、MnO2用量1%、液固体积质量比1.6∶1～1.8∶1、浸出温度60℃、浸出时间4h条件下，铀浸出率达95%，但采用酸法柱浸工艺时，因矿石碳酸盐含量高，易引发泥化及气堵现象，导致浸出试验无法稳定运行；采用碱法搅拌浸出工艺时，在Na_2CO3/NaHCO3用量2.5%、液固体积质量比1.0∶1～1.2∶1、温度80℃、浸出时间16h条件下，铀浸出率达88%，而采用碱法柱浸工艺时，拌碱-熟化可维持矿堆渗透性，但因粗粒级矿石浸出率较低，导致整体浸出率偏低。综合对比，推荐采用碱法搅拌浸出工艺处理该矿石，并需强化粗粒级预处理，以进一步提高铀浸出率。
Abstract：A high-clay low-grade sandstone-type uranium ore,predominantly composed of clay fine sandstone,exhibits significant thickness variations in both the aquifer and aquiclude within the mining area,resulting in poor sand permeability and high groundwater salinity,which render in-situ leaching infeasible.To comprehensively evaluate the leachability of this ore,the applicability of acid/alkaline agitation leaching and column leaching processes was systematically investigated.The results show that under the acid agitation leaching conditions of sulfuric acid dosage of 16%,MnO2 dosage of 1%,liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 1.6∶1–1.8∶1,leaching temperature of 60℃,and leaching time of4h,the uranium leaching rate reaches 95%.However,when the acid column leaching process is applied,the high carbonate content in the ore causes severe argillization and gas blockage,making the process unstable and difficult to operate.In contrast,under the alkaline agitation leaching conditions with a Na2 CO3/NaHCO3 dosage of 2.5%,liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 1.0∶1–1.2∶1,temperature of 80 ℃,and leaching time of 16h,the uranium leaching rate attains 88%.For the alkaline column leaching process,alkali-mixing and curing can maintain the permeability of the ore heap.Nevertheless,the overall leaching rate remains low owing to the poor leaching efficiency of coarse particles.Based on a comprehensive comparison,the alkaline agitation leaching process is recommended for the treatment of this ore,and enhanced pretreatment of coarse particles should be implemented to further improve the uranium leaching rate.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.04.017
中图分类号:TL212.12
引用信息:
[1]孔凡峰,梁耕宇,刘会武,等.高含泥低品位铀矿浸出工艺研究[J].湿法冶金,2026,45(04):599-606.DOI:10.13355/j.cnki.sfyj.2026.04.017.
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